Cell Molecules Part 4 - Enzymes
Cell Molecules Part 4 - Enzymes:
Structure of enzyme:
- Enzymes contain protein and non-protein part, where protein part is known as apoenzyme and non protein part is known as co-enzyme or prosthetic group.
- Enzymes act on specific substance which is called as reactants or substrate.
Properties of enzyme:
- It reacts with reactants and converts them into product.
- It performs their activities at a specific temperature range.
- They are specific for one reaction and is not useful in another reaction
- They are pH dependent catalyst.
Mechanism of action:
Enzyme contains a specific region is their structure which is called as ‘active site’ which reacts with reactant and forms enzyme-substrate complex. The enzyme-substrate complex acts as a catalyst and increases the activation energy level and helps in formation of product. After completion of reaction, enzyme remains in its origin form.
Enzyme + Substrate → Enzyme-substrate complex → Enzyme + product
Types of enzyme:
Enzymes are classified on the basis of their action as a catalyst.
- Hydrolases: Enzymes that causes hydrolysis.
- Tranferases: Enzyme causes transfer of radical.
- Oxido-reductase: Enzyme causes oxidation and reduction reaction
- Isomerases: Enzyme causes change in geometry of substance
- Lipases: Enzyme that digest fat
Biological importance of enzyme:
- They maintain life by taking part in various biochemical reactions in cells at normal concentration of reactants at normal temperature.
- They act as a biological catalyst and remain in their origin form at the end of reaction.
Vitamins:
Structure of vitamins:
- Vitamins are the specific organic compound present in extremely small amount in the body.
- Animal cell can not prepare the vitamin but obtained from their food.
- Plants and bacteria synthesize vitamin their own.
Types of vitamins:
- Water soluble vitamin: Vitamin B Complex and vitamin C
- Fat soluble vitamin: Vitamin A, D, E and K.
Biological importance of vitamin:
- Regulates various metabolic activities.
- Essential for activities of enzyme.
- Act as antioxidant and protect genetic material and cell organelles from foreign matter.
- Deficiency of vitamins leads to various disease.
Self study:
Example-1: Protein component of enzymes are called as ……………..
a) Co-factor
b) Co-enzyme
c) apoenzyme
d) prosthetic group
Answer: Protein component of enzymes are called as apoenzyme
Example-2: Match the following
| A |
B |
| Enzyme |
Vitamin B complex |
| Water soluble vitamin |
Vitamin A, D, E and K |
| Fat soluble vitamin |
Substance on which enzyme acts |
| Substrate |
Biological catalyst |
Answer:
| A |
B |
| Enzyme |
Biological catalyst |
| Water soluble vitamin |
Vitamin B complex |
| Fat soluble vitamin |
Vitamin A, D, E and K |
| Substrate |
Substance on which enzyme acts |
Example-3: Which of the following component remains in is original form at the end of reaction?
a) Enzyme
b) Protein
c) Carbohydrate
d) Vitamins
Answer: Nucleic acids are the building blocks of proteins.